Geoffrey Chaucer

 

                         Troilus and Cressida

                                       

 

                                    Book V

 

                             


                   

                                              1.

 

          Began to near the fatal destiny

that Jove has in his disposition

and to you, angry Parcae, sisters three

is committed for its execution:

by which Cressida must leave the town,

and Troilus shall live on in pain

till Lachesis cease to spin again.

 

                              2.

 

The golden-haired Phoebus high aloft

had three times, with all his sunny beams,

melted the snow, and Zephyrus as oft

had brought again the tender leaves green,

since the son of Hecuba the queen,

began to first love her for whom his sorrow

was all because she would depart the morrow.

 

                              3.

 

At prime of day full ready was Diomede

Cressid to the Greek host to lead,

for sorrow of which she felt her heart bleed

as she who knew not what was best, indeed.

And truly, as men in books read,

no man ever knew a woman with her cares,

or who was so loth out of the town to fare.

 

                              4.

 

This Troilus, without plan or lore,

like a man joyless and forlorn,

was waiting on his lady evermore

she that was every part and more,

of all his pleasure and joy before.

But Troilus, farewell now all your joy,

for you will never see her again in Troy.

 

                              5.

 

Truth is that while he waited in this manner

he was able manfully his woe to hide,

that it was scarcely seen in his cheer:

but at the gate where she was due to ride

out with certain folk, he hovered beside,

so woebegone, though he did not complain,

that he could scarcely sit his horse for pain.

 

                              6.

 

He shook with anger, his heart began to gnaw,

when Diomed his horse prepared to dress,

and said to himself this very saw:

‘Alas,’ he said, ‘this state of wretchedness,

why do I suffer it, why no redress?

Would it not be better at once to die

than evermore in languor lie?

 

                              7.

 

Why don’t I give at once rich and poor

something to do before I see her go?

Why do I not set all Troy in uproar?

Why do I not slay Diomed also?

Why do I not with a man or two

steal her away? Why should I thus endure?

Why do I not aid my own cure?’

 

                              8.

 

But why he would not do so fell a deed

that will I say, and why he left it there.

He had in his heart always a kind of dread

lest Cressid in the tumult of the affair

might be slain: lo, this was all his care.

Otherwise, for certain, as I said before,

he would have done it without a word more.

 

                              9.

 

Cressid, when she was ready to ride,

sighed full sorrowfully and said: ‘Alas!’

but forth she must, whatever might betide,

and forth she rode full sorrowfully apace.

There was no other remedy in this case.

What wonder is it though, she felt the smart

when she must forgo her own sweetheart?

 

                              10.

 

This Troilus, in the way of courtesy,

with hawk on hand and with a large crowd

of knights, rode and kept her company,

passing all the valley far without.

And would have ridden further, without doubt,

most gladly, and woe it was so soon to go:

but turn he must, as he was forced to do.

 

                              11.

 

And, at that moment, Antenor had come

out of the Greek host, and every knight

was glad of it, and said that he was welcome.

And Troilus, though his heart was not light,

took pains indeed as best he might

to keep from weeping, at the least,

and kissed Antenor, and was pleased.

 

                              12.

 

And after that he must his leave take,

and cast his eye on her piteously:

and he rode near, his cause to make,

to take her by the hand all soberly.

And lord! she began to weep so tenderly!

And he full soft and quietly began to say:

‘Now do not kill me, hold to your day.’

 

                              13.

 

With that he turned his courser all about

with pale face, and to Diomed

spoke no word, nor none with all the crowd:

of which the son of Tydeus took heed,

like one who knew more than the creed

in such a case, and to her rein he leant:

and Troilus, to Troy he homeward went.

 

                              14.

 

This Diomed, that led her by the bridle,

when he saw the folk of Troy were away,

thought: ‘All my labour shall not be idle,

if I may I’ll somewhat to her say.

For at the least ‘twill shorten the way.

I have heard it said, times twice twelve,

“He’s a fool who forgets to aid himself.”

 

                              15.

 

But nonetheless he thought this, well enough,

that ‘certainly I do this for naught

if I speak of love, or make it tough:

for doubtless, if she has in her thought

him whom I guess, ‘twill not be a short

time ere she forget: but I shall find the means

that she’ll not know all’s not what it seems.

 

                              16.

 

This Diomed, like one who knew his good,

when this was done, fell to speech

of this and that, and asked why she stood

in such unease, and began her to beseech

that if he might increase, or reach

to anything that might be her ease, she should

command it of him, and he would.

 

                              17.

 

For truly he swore to her, as a knight,

that there was nothing which might her please

that he’d not be at pains with all his might

to do, so as to set her heart at ease.

And prayed her sorrows she might appease,

and said: ‘You see, we Greeks can take joy

in honouring you, as well as folks of Troy.’

 

                              18.

 

He also said this: ‘I know, you think it strange:

and that’s no wonder, for it is new to you,

the company of Trojans to exchange

for folk of Greece, whom you never knew.

But God forbid that you do not as true

a Greek among all of us find

as any Trojan is, and just as kind.

 

                              19.

 

And because I swore you truly, right now

to be your friend and help you as I might,

and because I more acquaintance of you

have had than any other stranger knight,

so from this time forth I pray, day and night,

command me, however much it smart,

to do whatever pleases your heart:

 

                              20.

 

and that you would me as your brother treat,

and not to disdain my friendship out of spite:

and though your sorrows be for things great,

I know not why, but without more respite,

my heart to mend that would take great delight.

And if I may not your hurts redress,

I am still sorry for your heaviness.

 

                              21.

 

And though you Trojans with us Greeks are wrath

and will be many a day yet, you see,

one god of love in truth we serve him both.

And, for the love of God, my lady free,

whoever you hate, be not wrath with me.

For truly there can no knight you serve

who’d be half so loth your wrath to deserve.

 

                              22.

 

And were it not that we are near the tent

of Calchas, who may have seen us both, I say,

I would tell you, of this, all my intent:

but it must stay sealed till another day.

Give me your hand, I am, and shall be always,

God help me, while my life may endure,

your own above any other creature.

 

                              23.

 

This I have never said before to woman born:

for as I wish that God would glad me so,

I never loved a woman here before

as a paramour, nor never shall more.

And, for the love of God, be not my foe:

although I cannot to you, my lady dear,

speak winningly, for I have to learn that here.

 

                              24.

 

And wonder not, my own lady bright,

though I speak to you of love so blithe:

for I have heard of this in many a knight,

who loved one he’d never seen in his life.

Also I have not the power for strife

with the god of love, but him I will obey

always: and mercy from you I pray.

 

                              25.

 

There are so many worthy knights in this place,

and you so fair, that every one of them all

will take pains to stand well in your grace.

But if to me so fair a grace might fall,

that you on me as your servant would call,

so humbly but so truly would I serve

more than any, till death me unnerve.

 

                              26.

 

Cressid to his proposal little answered,

like one that with sorrow was oppressed so,

that in effect she naught of his tale heard

but here and there perhaps a word or two though,

She thought her sorrowful heart would break in two.

For when she began her father to espy,

                    she began to fall from her horse, well nigh.

 

                                                  27.

 

                    But nonetheless she thanked Diomede

for all his trouble and his good cheer

and that he offered her friendship in need,

and she accepted it with a good manner,

and wished to do what pleased him and was dear:

and she would trust him, and well she might,

as she said, and from her horse did alight.

 

                              28.

 

Her father has her in his arms at once,

and twenty time he kissed his daughter sweet,

and said: ‘O my dear daughter, welcome.’

She said she was glad with him to meet,

and stood, mute, mild and meek him to greet.

But here I leave her with her father to dwell,

and straight I will to you of Troilus tell.

 

                              29.

 

To Troy has come the woeful Troilus

in sorrow beyond all sorrows’ smart,

with angry look and face most hideous.

Then suddenly down from his horse he starts

and through his palace, with a swollen heart,

to his room he goes: of nothing he took heed,

and no one dared to speak to him indeed.

 

                              30.

 

And there his sorrows that he contained had,

he gave free issue to and ‘Death,’ he cried:

and in his throes, frenzied and mad,

he cursed Jove, Apollo and Cupid, ay,

cursed Ceres, Bacchus and Venus beside,

his birth, himself, his fate, and even nature,

and, save his lady, every other creature.

 

                              31.

 

To bed he goes, and tosses there and turns

in fury, as does Ixion in hell:

and in this way nearly to dawn sojourns.

But then he his heart a little began to quell

through his tears which had begun to well:

and piteously he cried out for Cressid,

and to himself thus he spoke and said:

 

                              32.

 

Where is my own lady beloved and dear?

Where is her white breast, where is it, where?

Where are her arms and her eyes clear

that last night at this time with me were?

Now may I weep alone with many a tear,

and grasp about I may, but in this place,

save a pillow, I find naught to embrace.

 

                              33.

 

What shall I do? When will she come again?

I do not know why, alas, I let her go.

Would to God, I had then been slain!

O my heart, Cressid, O sweet foe.

O my lady I love, and love no other so,

evermore my heart I give to you,

see how I die, you cannot me rescue.

 

                              34.

 

Who sees you now my true lodestar?

Who sits right now or stands in your presence?

Who now can comfort your heart’s war?

Now I’m gone, to whom do you grant audience?

Who speaks for me right now in my absence?

Alas, no one (and that is all my care):

for well I know, in evil, as I, you fare.

 

                              35.

 

How can I thus ten days endure.

when I the first night have all this pain?

How shall she do likewise, sorrowful creature?

Through tenderness, how can she sustain

such woe for me? O piteous, pale, and green

will be your fresh womanly face

for languor, before you return to this place.’

 

                              36.

 

And when he fell into slumberings

at once he would begin to groan

and dream of the dreadfullest things

that might be: for instance he was alone

in a horrid place, making his moan,

or dreamed that he were amongst all

his enemies, into their hands to fall.

 

                              37.

 

And at that his body would start

and with the start suddenly awake:

and such a tremor feel in his heart

that from the fear his body would quake:

and with that he would a noise make

that seemed as though he were falling deep

from high aloft, and then he would weep.

 

                              38.

 

And sorrow for himself so piteously,

that it was a wonder to hear his fantasy.

Another time he would mightily

comfort himself and say it was folly

to endure dread so causelessly,

and then begin his bitter sorrows anew,

so that all men might his sorrows rue.

 

                              39.

 

Who could rightly tell, or fully describe

his woe, his cries, his languor, and his pain?

Not all the men that were or are alive.

You, reader, may yourself full well divine

that such a woe my wit cannot define.

Idle to try and forge it link by link,

when it wearies my wits even as I think.

 

                              40.

 

In heaven yet the stars could be seen,

though waxing pale and full was the moon:

and the horizon white began to gleam

all eastward, as it is wont to do.

And Phoebus with his rosy chariot too

soon after that began to start,

when this Troilus sent for Pandar.

 

                              41.

 

This Pandar, that the whole day before

might not come there Troilus to see

(even if he had on his life have sworn)

for with King Priam all day was he,

so that he was not at liberty

to go anywhere. But on the morrow went

to Troilus, when he for him sent.

 

                              42.

 

For in his heart he could well divine

that Troilus all night from sorrow woke:

and that he would tell him how he pined

this he knew well enough without a book.

So that to his chamber his way he took,

and Troilus then soberly did greet

and on the bed quickly took a seat.

 

                              43.

 

‘My Pandarus,’ said Troilus, ‘the sorrow

that I suffer I cannot long endure.

I know I shall not live till tomorrow:

because of which I venture

to tell you of my sepulchre

the form: and my property do you dispose

just where you think it rightly goes.

                             

                                                  44.

 

                    But of the fire and flame for my funeral,       

                    in which my body shall be burnt indeed,

                    and of the feast and games and all

                    at my vigil I pray you take heed

                    that all be fitting, and offer Mars my steed,

                    my sword, my helmet: and loved brother dear,

                    my shield give to Pallas, who shines clear.

 

                                                  45.

 

                    The dust to which my burnt heart shall turn,

                    that I pray you take and conserve

                    in a vessel, that men call an urn,

                    of gold, and to my lady that I serve

                    for love of whom death I reserve,

                    so give it her, and do me this courtesy

                    to pray her to keep it in my memory.

 

                                                  46.

                   

                    For I feel truly by my malady

                    and by the dreams now and times ago

                    that of a certainty I must die.

                    Also the owl they call Escalipho,

                    has shrieked after me two nights so,

                    and divine Mercury, of this woeful wretch

                    guide the soul, and when you wish, it fetch.

 

                                                  47.

 

                    Pandar answered and said: ‘Troilus,

                    my dear friend, as I have said before

                    it is folly to sorrow thus,

                    and needless: I can say no more.

                    But whosoever will not trust to my lore,

                    I can see for him no remedy

                    but to let him keep his fantasy.

 

                                                  48.

                   

                    But, Troilus, I pray you tell me now

                    if you think that before this any man might

                    have loved his paramour as much as thou?

                    Why, God knows, from many a worthy knight

                    his lady has gone for a fortnight

                    and he not made half such an affair.

                    What need is there to cause yourself such care?

 

                                                  49.

 

          Since day by day you yourself can see

          that from his lover or else from his wife

          a man must part of necessity.

          Yes, though he love her as his own life,

          yet he will not with himself create such strife:

          for well you know, my loved brother dear

          friends may not always be together here.

 

                                        50.

         

          What do folks do who see their lovers wedded

by powerful friends, as it befalls full oft.

And in their spouses’ bed see them bedded?

God knows they take it wisely, fair and soft.

Because good hopes hold up their heart aloft

and, since they can a time of sorrow endure,

as time has hurt them, so time does them cure.

 

                              51.

 

So should you endure, and let slide

the time, and try to be glad and light.

Ten days is not so long to abide.

And since she has promised you aright

to return, she’ll break it for no other knight.

For do not fear but she will find a way

to return: my life on that I lay.

 

                              52.

 

Your dreams and all such fantasy

drive out, and let them take their chance:

for they proceed from your melancholy

that makes you feel in sleep all this penance.

A straw for all such dreams’ significance!

God help me so, they are not worth a bean:

No man knows truly what dreams mean.

 

                              53.

 

For priests of the temple tell you this,

that dreams are the revelations

of gods: and also what they tell is

that they are all infernal illusions.

And doctors say that from complexions

they proceed, or fasts, or gluttony.

Who knows in truth then what they signify?

 

                              54.

 

Also others say that through impressions

(as when a man has something fixed in mind),

that from those come such visions:

and others say, as they in books find,

that according to the time of year by kind

men dream, and that the effect goes by the moon.

But believe no dream, for then wrong is done.

 

                              55.

 

Worthy of these dreams are old wives,

and truly to take augury from fowls:

for fear of which men think to lose their lives,

at raven’s forebodings or the shrieks of owls.

To trust in that is both false and foul.

Alas! Alas! So noble a creature

as is a man, to fear such ordure!

 

                              56.

 

Therefore with all my heart I beseech

that you all this to yourself forgive:

and rise up now without more speech,

and let us think how we may give

ourselves to this time, and happily live

when she returns, which will be quite soon.

God help me so, that is what’s best to do.

 

                              57.

 

Rise! Let us speak of the lusty life in Troy

that we have led, and contrive

to while away the time, and rejoice

at times to come, of bliss so blithe.

And with the languor of these days twice five

we shall so forget our depression,

that it will scarcely cause any oppression.

 

                              58.

 

This town is full of lords, all about,

and the truce lasts all this while.

Let us go play in some lusty crowd

at Sarpedon’s, from here not a mile.

And thus you shall the time well beguile,

and pass it by until that blissful morrow

when you see her, the cause of all your sorrow.

 

                              59.

 

Now rise, my dear brother, Troilus,

for it is no honour to you, certainly

to weep, and linger in your bed thus.

For, truly, in this one thing you can trust me,

if you lie thus a day, or two, or three,

the folk will think that you from cowardice

feign to be sick, and that you dare not rise.

 

                              60.

 

This Troilus answered: ‘O brother dear,

this thing folk know who have suffered pain,

that, if he weeps and makes sorrowful cheer,

who feels the harm and smart in every vein,

it is no wonder: and though forever I complain

or weep always, I am not to blame,

since I have lost the reason for the game.

 

                              61.

 

But since I am forced to rise,

I shall rise as soon as ever I may:

and God, to whom my heart I sacrifice,

so send us quickly the tenth day.

For there was never fowl so fond of May

as I shall be when she comes to Troy,

who is the cause of my torment and joy.

 

                              62.

 

But where do you advise,’ said Troilus,

‘that we may best play in all this town?’

‘By God, my counsel is,’ said Pandarus,

‘to ride and play at King Sarpedon’s.’

So they talked long of this up and down

till Troilus began at last to give assent